Opening and Welcome

• Stephan Paul (TUM)
• Andreas Burkert (LMU)

ORIGINS Review in a Nutshell

• Halina Abramowicz

RU-C External Highlight : Hubble Troubles

• Licia Verde (Universidad de Barcelona)

Despite its spectacular success, the ΛCDM model is ultimately phenomenological: it establishes a robust framework in which some fundamental issues remain unresolved. With observations becoming increasingly precise, it is reasonable to expect that “something's gotta give" and that the ΛCDM model will show some cracks. The Hubble tension— the discrepancy between the value of the Hubble parameter, when inferred as a global parameter of the standard cosmological model, and when measured directly in the late-time Universe from the redshift-to-distance relation—has been looming for a decade and has been studied extensively. Could it be such a crack? I will give an overview of the status of the Hubble tension and tentatively speculate on why it has persisted thus far.

Towards an Era of Artificial Scientists

• Mario Krenn (Uni. Tübingen)

Laudatio to PhD Award Winner

• Peter Predehl (MPE)

PhD Award Talk: Chemically Fueled Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries Towards Synthetic Life

• Christine Kriebisch

Laudatio to PhD Award Winner

• Hermann Gaub (LMU)

PhD Award Talk : Geothermal Microfluidic Systems Foster Prebiotic Chemistry

• Thomas Matreux (LMU - Systems Biophysics)

After Dinner Talk : The Fine Tuned Universe

• Harald Lesch (LMU)

RU-D "Galaxies, Stars and Planets" Summary

• Stefan Heigl (LMU)
• Anna Miotello (ESO Garching)
• Eric Emsellem (ESO)

RU-D : Pearls on Strings

• Maryam Arab Salmani (Vera Rubin Fellow)

CN-2 "Planets and other Habitats" Summary

• Til Birnstiel (LMU)
• Barbara Ercolano

CN-2 Highlight Talk : Habitability of Exomoons around Free-floating Planets

• David Dahlbüdding (LMU)

CN-1 "Black Holes" Summary

• Valentin Thoss (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)

RU-D External Highlight : The new frontier: Identifying other Earths

• Lisa Kaltenegger (Cornell Universitz)

CN-5 "Turbulence" Summary

• Klaus Dolag (MPA)

CN-5 : SLOWly matching reality: turbulent velocities from constrained simulations compared to XRISM observations

• Frederick Groth (USM, LMU)

Constrained simulations offer a new path to interpret observations by allowing one-to-one comparisons between observed galaxy clusters from the local Universe and simulated analogs, which show similar thermodynamical and dynamical properties. I will present a study on the turbulent velocities and turbulent pressure support in Coma, Perseus, and Virgo, compared to XRISM X-ray spectroscopic velocity determinations. Simulations show excellent agreement with observations, having consistently very low turbulent pressure support of only a few percent. In particular, all the turbulent pressure support in all three clusters is smaller than average values from statistical studies, showing the importance of selection effects.

CN-6 "Cosmic Accelerators" Summary

• Daniele Villa (Max-Planck-Insitute for Plasma Physics)

CN-6 : Radiative signatures of electron-ion shocks in blazar jets

• Axel Arbet-Engels (Max Planck Institute Munich)

Shocks are promising sites of particle acceleration in extragalactic jets. In electron-ion shocks, electrons can be heated up to large Lorentz factors, making them an attractive explanation for the high minimum electron Lorentz factors regularly needed to model blazar SEDs. Still, the thermal electron component is commonly neglected when modelling observations. In this talk, we present a multi-wavelength modelling of the blazar Mrk421 employing a particle distribution whose shape is directly motivated by predictions of plasma PIC simulations. We demonstrate that fluxes in the optical/UV and MeV-GeV bands efficiently restrict the emission from the thermal (relativistic) Maxwellian electrons, allowing us to obtain constraints on the shock properties. Notably, we find that at least ~10% of the shock energy must be transferred to the nonthermal electrons in order to stay compatible with the fluxes in the optical/UV and MeV-GeV bands. These results are almost insensitive to the shock velocity, although radio observations suggest a shock Lorentz factor above ~5. In the second part of the talk, we present preliminary results of dedicated PIC simulations to verify under which physical conditions of electron-ion shocks these findings can be matched.

CN-7 "Matter under Extreme Conditions" Summary

• Laura Fabbietti (TUM)

CN-7 : An asymmetric fission island driven by shell effects in light fragments

• Roman Gernhaeuser (TUM)

Studying the distribution of the masses and charges of the fragments is essential for establishing the fission mechanisms and refining the theoretical models. It has value for our understanding of r-process nucleosynthesis, in which the fission of nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios is pivotal for determining astrophysical abundances and understanding the origin of the elements. Although the asymmetric distribution of fragments is well understood for actinides based on shell effects, symmetric fission governs the scission process for lighter elements. However, unexpected asymmetric splits have been observed in neutron-deficient exotic nuclei, prompting extensive further investigations. Here we present measurements of the charge distributions of fission fragments for 100 exotic fissioning systems, 75 of which have never been measured, and establish a connection between the neutron-deficient sub-lead region and the well-understood actinide region.

Seed Money Poster Session ; VRLab Demos

RU-C "Large-Scale Structure" Summary

• Steffen Hagstotz (LMU)
• Jochen Weller (LMU)

RU-C : Cosmic birefringence: a hint of new physics in cosmology and particle physics

• Patricia Diego Palazuelos (MPA)

The polarized light of the cosmic microwave background is sensitive to new physics that violates parity symmetry. For example, the interaction of photons with the fields of elusive dark matter and dark energy could cause a uniform rotation of the plane of linear polarization across the sky, an effect known as cosmic birefringence. Recent analyses of WMAP and Planck data have reported tantalizing hints of a cosmological rotation angle β=0.34°±0.09°, after calibrating the detectors' polarization angles against Galactic dust emission. Although it is still under scrutiny for its dependence on dust modeling, these results exclude β=0 with a statistical significance of 3.6σ. Here, we extract a new measurement of β using Bayesian analysis of parity-violating correlations, EB and TB, of polarization data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6. We use prior probabilities for instrumental miscalibration angles derived from the optics model for the ACT telescope and instruments, and marginalize over a residual intensity-to-polarization leakage. We measure β=0.215°±0.074° (68% confidence level), which excludes β=0 with a statistical significance of 2.9σ, without relying on Galactic dust for calibration. Although there remain systematics in the ACT data that are not understood and do not allow us to draw strong cosmological conclusions, the consistency of this result with previous independent measurements from the WMAP and Planck missions is very compelling.

RU-A External Highlight: Low energy physics - precision tests of the Standard Model

• Klaus Blaum (MPIK)

RU-B External Highlight : JUNO in Operation : Entering the Data-Taking Era

• Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux (University of California-Irvine)

RU-B : Matter-antimatter asymmetry from a minimally extended SM

• Jacopo Azzola (TUM)

RU-B "Particles and the Cosmos" Summary

• Andreas Weiler (TU Munich)
• Stefan Schönert (TUM)

Poster Session and XR Demos for ORIGINS physics education

• Jochen Kuhn (LMU)
• Christoph Hoyer (LMU-Lehrstuhl für Didaktik der Physik)
• Aishwarya Girdhar (LMU- Physics Didactics)
• Raphael Cera (LMU-Lehrstuhl für Didaktik der Physik)

RU-A "Fundamental Particles and Forces" Summary

• Thomas Kuhr (LMU)
• Martin Beneke (TUM)
• Ilka Brunner (LMU)

RU-A : Highlights from Belle (II)

• Stefan Wallner (Max Planck Institute for Physics)

CN-3 "Dark Matter" Summary

• Mathias Garny (TUM)

CN-3 : From Cosmology to Particle Physics: Dark Matter decaying into neutrinos

• Lea Fuß (Technical University Munich)

Dark matter (DM) decaying into invisible particles can leave an imprint in large-scale structure surveys due to a characteristic redshift-dependent suppression of the power spectrum. One possible realization of such a scenario is a model with two quasi-degenerate singlet fermions in which the heavier state decays into the lighter state plus two additional neutrinos. Our set-up is able to connect DM to neutrino physics by generating non-zero neutrino masses, a freeze-in production of DM via neutrinos, as well as a diffuse neutrino flux accessible to JUNO. At the same time, a small mass-splitting between the DM particles is induced radiatively which is responsible for the cosmological signatures in forthcoming large-scale-structure surveys. This model thus showcases the complementarity of cosmological probes and neutrino particle physics

CN-4 "Dark Energy" Summary

• Fabian Schmidt (MPA)
• Ariel Sanchez (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics)

CN-4 "Dark Energy" Highlight : Current DESI Results and Physics Beyond Standard Cosmological Model

• Jiamin Hou (University of Cambridge)

RU-E "Prebiotc Molecules and Origins of Life" Summary

• Oliver Trapp
• Dieter Braun (LMU Munich)

MIAPbP Summary

• Rolf Kudritzki (USM LMU/MIAPP)

LRSM Summary

• Martin Losekamm (Technische Universität München)

C2PAP Summary

• Klaus Dolag (MPA)

ODSL Summary

• Lukas Heinrich (TUM)

IDSL summary

• Dieter Braun (LMU Munich)

ORIGINS Administrative Summary (A. Burkert, S.Paul, I. Haneburger, A. M. Smith-Gicklhorn, S. Waldenmaier, O. Straub, S. Schmid-Willers, P. Regenscheit, C. Reichart, S. Rittel, B. Rothmeier)

• Andreas Burkert (LMU)
• Stephan Paul (TUM)

Laudation to our Spokespersons: Andreas Burkert & Stephan Paul (2006-2025)

RU-E Highlight : Toward designing life-like systems

• Erwin Frey (LMU)

CN-8 Highlight : Self-organization and molecular transport by prokaryotic protein systems

• Beatrice Ramm (Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society)

CN-8 "Emergence of Structure" Summary

• Ulrich Gerland (TUM)

The Geoastronomy of Small Exoplanets

• Kevin Heng (LMU)

One of the biggest surprises of exoplanet science is the discovery of the small exoplane ppopulation between the sizes of Earth and Neptune. Super Earths appear to be scaled-up versions of rocky planets. However, it is less clear that sub-Neptunes are scaled-down versions of gas-giant planets, other than by analogy. The rocky cores and atmospheres of sub-Neptunes occupy comparable volumes (and thus have comparable extents in radius), but the cores dominate the mass budget if the atmospheres are hydrogen-dominated. Since the cores dominate the masses of sub-Neptunes, geochemical outgassing cannot be ignored. I will show that the temperature-pressure conditions at the surfaces of these cores exert a zeroth-order control on the atmospheric chemistry. Less massive (and smaller) sub-Neptunes have lower core surface pressures and temperatures, which leads to atmospheres with higher mean molecular weights. This naturally leads to a gradient in mean molecular weight across the radius valley of small exoplanets. The strength of this gradient is controlled by the oxygen fugacity of these cores and not by the elemental abundance of carbon. These results imply a need to shift one’s mental framework away from the planet formation-driven approach of prioritising “metallicity” and towards the more geoscience-oriented approach of understanding the oxidation states of rocky mantles via the oxygen fugacity.

Special Guest : "Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes"

• Reinhard Genzel (MPE)

More than a century ago, Albert Einstein presented his general theory of gravitation. One of the predictions of this theory is that not only particles and objects with mass, but also the quanta of light, photons, are tied to the curvature of space-time, and thus to gravity. There must be a critical mass density, above which photons cannot escape. These are black holes. Most galaxies host massive black holes of masses between millions to billions of solar masses at their nuclei, which can become active galactic nuclei and quasars when they accrete gas and stars rapidly. I will discuss the major progress that has happened in the last decades to prove the massive black hole paradigm through ever more detailed, high-resolution observations, in the center of our own Galaxy, as well as in external galaxies. In the Galactic Center such high-resolution observations can also be used to test General Relativity in the regime of large masses and curvatures. I will also discuss very recent observations that there are massive black holes already a few hundred Myrs after the Big Bang.

Final Remarks & Discussion